Description: The Holy Spirit convicts the world of sin, revealing the need for salvation, the righteousness of Christ, and the coming judgment.

Scripture: John 16:8–11 – “And when he comes, he will convict the world concerning sin and righteousness and judgment: concerning sin, because they do not believe in me; concerning righteousness, because I go to the Father, and you will see me no longer; concerning judgment, because the ruler of this world is judged.”

Context: This role involves exposing human guilt and pointing people to their need for Christ, enabling repentance and faith.

Description: The Holy Spirit brings about spiritual rebirth, transforming sinners into new creations in Christ.

Scripture: John 3:5–6 – “Jesus answered, ‘Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God. That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.’” (See also Titus 3:5 – “He saved us… by the washing of regeneration and renewal of the Holy Spirit.”)

Context: Regeneration is the act of making someone spiritually alive, enabling them to enter God’s kingdom.

Description: The Holy Spirit permanently resides in believers, marking them as God’s own and enabling a personal relationship with Him.

Scripture: 1 Corinthians 6:19 – “Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from God?” (See also Romans 8:9; John 14:16–17.)

Context: This indwelling begins at salvation and is a guarantee of God’s presence and ownership of the believer.

Description: The Holy Spirit acts as a seal, guaranteeing believers’ salvation and eternal inheritance.

Scripture: Ephesians 1:13–14 – “In him you also, when you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation, and believed in him, were sealed with the promised Holy Spirit, who is the guarantee of our inheritance until we acquire possession of it.”

Context: The seal signifies security, authenticity, and God’s promise to complete His work in believers.

Description: The Holy Spirit leads believers into truth, helping them understand God’s Word and apply it.

Scripture: John 16:13 – “When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth, for he will not speak on his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will declare to you the things that are to come.”

Context: As a teacher, the Spirit illuminates Scripture and reveals God’s will, particularly in understanding Christ’s teachings.

Description: The Holy Spirit acts as a counselor (or advocate, Greek Parakletos), providing comfort, guidance, and support in times of need.

Scripture: John 14:16–17 – “And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Helper, to be with you forever, even the Spirit of truth…” (See also John 14:26, 15:26.)

Context: The term “Helper” implies one who comes alongside to encourage, advocate, and strengthen believers.

Description: The Holy Spirit teaches believers God’s truth and brings Christ’s teachings to their remembrance.

Scripture: John 14:26 – “But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he will teach you all things and bring to your remembrance all that I have said to you.”

Context: This role was crucial for the apostles in recording the Gospels and remains vital for believers in understanding and recalling Scripture.

Description: The Holy Spirit works in believers to make them holy, transforming them to reflect Christ’s character.

Scripture: 2 Thessalonians 2:13 – “…God chose you as the firstfruits to be saved, through sanctification by the Spirit and belief in the truth.” (See also 1 Peter 1:2; Romans 15:16.)

Context: Sanctification is the ongoing process of spiritual growth, purifying believers from sin and conforming them to Christ.

Description: The Holy Spirit equips believers with power to proclaim the gospel and serve God effectively.

Scripture: Acts 1:8 – “But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.”

Context: This empowerment was evident at Pentecost (Acts 2) and continues as the Spirit enables bold witness and ministry.

Description: The Holy Spirit distributes spiritual gifts to believers for building up the Church.

Scripture: 1 Corinthians 12:4–11 – “Now there are varieties of gifts, but the same Spirit… To each is given the manifestation of the Spirit for the common good.” (See also Romans 12:6–8; Ephesians 4:11–12.)

Context: Gifts like prophecy, teaching, healing, and tongues are given to edify the body of Christ and advance God’s kingdom.

Description: The Holy Spirit cultivates Christlike character traits in believers, known as the fruit of the Spirit.

Scripture: Galatians 5:22–23 – “But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control…”

Context: These virtues reflect the transformative work of the Spirit in a believer’s life, contrasting with the works of the flesh.

Description: The Holy Spirit helps believers pray, interceding on their behalf when they don’t know what to pray.

Scripture: Romans 8:26–27 – “Likewise the Spirit helps us in our weakness. For we do not know what to pray for as we ought, but the Spirit himself intercedes for us with groanings too deep for words.”

Context: The Spirit aligns believers’ prayers with God’s will, ensuring effective intercession.

Description: The Holy Spirit bears witness to believers that they are God’s children, providing assurance of salvation.

Scripture: Romans 8:16 – “The Spirit himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God.” (See also Galatians 4:6.)

Context: This assurance brings confidence in one’s relationship with God and eternal security.

Description: The Holy Spirit fills believers, empowering them for specific tasks and enabling a life of obedience and worship.

Scripture: Ephesians 5:18 – “And do not get drunk with wine, for that is debauchery, but be filled with the Spirit.” (See also Acts 4:31, 6:3, 9:17.)

Context: Being “filled” implies ongoing surrender to the Spirit’s control, distinct from the one-time indwelling at salvation.

Description: The Holy Spirit directs believers in decision-making and reveals God’s purposes.

Scripture: Acts 13:2 – “While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, ‘Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.’” (See also Acts 8:29, 16:6–7.)

Context: The Spirit provides specific guidance, often in matters of ministry or mission.

Description: The Holy Spirit fosters unity among believers, creating one body in Christ.

Scripture: Ephesians 4:3–4 – “…eager to maintain the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. There is one body and one Spirit…”

Context: The Spirit binds the Church together, transcending divisions through shared faith and purpose.

Description: The Holy Spirit points to Jesus, magnifying His person and work.

Scripture: John 16:14 – “He will glorify me, for he will take what is mine and declare it to you.”

Context: The Spirit’s work always centers on exalting Christ, revealing His truth and drawing people to Him.

Description: The Holy Spirit holds back the full expression of evil in the world until God’s appointed time.

Scripture: 2 Thessalonians 2:6–7 – “And you know what is restraining him now so that he may be revealed in his time. For the mystery of lawlessness is already at work. Only he who now restrains it will do so until he is out of the way.”

Context: This role applies to the Spirit’s work in the world, limiting the influence of the Antichrist and evil forces.

Description: The Holy Spirit inspired the writers of Scripture, ensuring its divine authority and truth.

Scripture: 2 Peter 1:21 – “For no prophecy was ever produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit.” (See also 2 Timothy 3:16.)

Context: The Spirit guided the human authors of the Bible, making it God’s authoritative Word.

Description: The Holy Spirit is involved in the resurrection of believers and imparts spiritual life.

Scripture: Romans 8:11 – “If the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, he who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through his Spirit who dwells in you.”

Context: The Spirit’s life-giving power ensures believers’ future resurrection and current spiritual vitality.